Effect of Square Cap on Pile-Group Wave Force: Parametric Analysis and Case Study

The square cap is a typical semi-submersible component of sea-crossing bridges, which connects piers and pile-group foundations. As the size large, it usually has non-negligible influence on wave motion around foundation, so not considered in relevant specification. However, neglecting this may have adverse effects structure. In paper, forces capped pile groups are simulated by numerical flume. Firstly, flume used paper validated an experiment previous literature. Then, with different arrangements water levels modeled to study interference effect force, variation law coefficient Kcp given. Next, we introduce into theoretical formula obtain modified that considers effect. To verify feasibility practical engineering, use calculate acting bridge. results compared recommended values It found relatively close results, while specification tend be conservative. proposed obtained parameter distribution can provide reference for engineering design.